Which ecological function do coastal wetlands provide?

Coastal wetlands play a crucial role in natural water filtration, making it an essential ecological function they provide. These ecosystems are characterized by their ability to trap sediments and filter out pollutants from water before it flows into larger bodies such as rivers, lakes, or oceans. The plants and microorganisms found in coastal wetlands actively filter contaminants, thus improving water quality and creating a healthier environment for both aquatic and terrestrial life.

This natural filtration process also helps in managing flood risks by absorbing excess water, thereby mitigating the impact of storm surges and heavy rainfall. The removal of sediments and contaminants supports the overall health of aquatic ecosystems, ensuring that the habitats for fish and other wildlife remain viable.

In contrast, other options such as urban development do not align with the natural functions of wetlands; rather, urbanization often leads to the degradation and loss of wetland areas. While energy production and carbon storage are noteworthy ecological functions, the existing context highlights water filtration as a primary function where coastal wetlands excel. Therefore, the focus on natural water filtration accurately reflects the critical ecological contributions of coastal wetlands.