What does eutrophication refer to in aquatic environments?

Eutrophication refers to a process in aquatic environments largely driven by nutrient enrichment, particularly from excess nitrogen and phosphorus, often from agricultural runoff or wastewater. This phenomenon leads to an overgrowth of algae, which can create algal blooms. When these algae die and decompose, microbial processes consume a significant amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. This reduction in oxygen levels can create hypoxic conditions, making it difficult for aquatic life, such as fish and invertebrates, to survive. The correct answer highlights the critical impact of eutrophication on oxygen levels, emphasizing its detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and the health of aquatic organisms. Understanding this process is essential for managing water quality and preserving biodiversity in aquatic environments.